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Capias ad respondendum
In the common law legal systems, ラテン語:''capias ad respondendum'' (Latin: "that you may capture () in order for him to reply") is or was a writ issued by a court to the sheriff of a particular county to bring the defendant, having failed to appear, to answer a civil action against him.
Under the American legal system, this writ was replaced by the practice of serving process directly to the person of the defendant in order to compel him to appear before the court to establish ラテン語:''in personam'' jurisdiction over him according to his rights under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. "But now that the ラテン語:''capias ad respondendum'' has given way to personal service of summons or other form of notice, due process requires only that in order to subject a defendant to a judgment ラテン語:''in personam'', if he be not present within the territory of the forum, he have certain minimum contacts with it such that the maintenance of the suit does not offend 'traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.'"〔International Shoe Co. v. State of Washington, 326 U.S. 310 (1945).〕
In the United Kingdom, this writ was abolished by the Crown Proceedings Act 1947 which came into effect on January 1, 1948.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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